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Organic Solvent Polarity Chart

Release time:

2023-05-28 15:00

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Organic solvent polarity table:

 

Commonly used solvent polarity/viscosity/boiling point/UV absorption table
solvent Polarity viscosity boiling point Absorption wavelength
Isopentane 0 -- 30 --
pentane 0 0.23 36 210
ligroin 0.01 0.3 30-60 210
hexane 0.06 0.33 69 210
Cyclohexane 0.1 1 81 210
Isooctane 0.1 0.53 99 210
Trifluoroacetic acid 0.1 -- 72 --
Trimethylpentane 0.1 0.47 99 215
cyclopentane 0.2 0.47 49 210
heptane 0.2 0.41 98 200
1-Chlorobutane 1 0.46 78 220
trichloroethylene 1 0.57 87 273
carbon tetrachloride 1.6 0.97 77 265
Isopropyl ether 2.4 0.37 68 220
toluene 2.4 0.59 111 285
p-Xylene 2.5 0.65 138 290
chlorobenzene 2.7 0.8 132 --
o-Dichlorobenzene 2.7 1.33 180 295
ethyl ether 2.9 0.23 35 220
benzene 3 0.65 80 280
Isobutanol 3 4.7 108 220
dichloromethane 3.4 0.44 40 245
Butanol 3.7 2.95 117 210
Butyl acetate 4 -- 126 254
n-Propanol 4 2.27 98 210
Methylisobutanone 4.2 -- 119 330
Tetrahydrofuran 4.2 0.55 66 220
ethyl acetate 4.3 0.45 77 260
isopropanol 4.3 2.37 82 210
chloroform 4.4 0.57 61 245
Methyl ethyl ketone 4.5 0.43 80 330
Dioxane 4.8 1.54 102 220
pyridine 5.3 0.97 115 305
acetone 5.4 0.32 57 330
nitromethane 6 0.67 101 330
acetic acid 6.2 1.28 118 230
Acetonitrile 6.2 0.37 82 210
aniline 6.3 4.4 184 --
DMF 6.4 0.92 153 270
methanol 6.6 0.6 65 210
ethylene glycol 6.9 19.9 197 210
Dimethyl sulfoxide 7.2 2.24 189 268
water 10.2 1 100 268

 

Common group polarity order

The polarity of organic compounds is mainly related to the groups they contain, and the polarity of molecules is determined by groups with greater polarity. The polarity of each type of compound increases in the following order:

—CH3 < —CH2— < —CH=CH-< —C三C- < —OR < —SR < —NO2 < —N(R)2 < —OCOR < —CHO < —COR < —SH < —NH2 < —OH < —COOH < —SO3H

 

Common mixed solvent polarity sequences

Cyclohexane: ethyl acetate(8+2)→chloroform∶acetone(95+5)→benzene:acetone(9+1)→benzene:ethyl acetate(8+2)→chloroform∶ether(9+1)→benzene:methanol(95+5) →benzene: ether(6+4)→cyclohexane:ethyl acetate(1+1)→chloroform: ether(8+2)→chloroform: methanol(99+1)→benzene: methanol(9+1)→chloroform: acetone(85+15)→benzene: ethyl ether(4+6)→benzene∶ethyl acetate(1+1) → chloroform: methanol(95+5)→ chloroform: acetone(7+3)→benzene: ethyl acetate(3+7)→benzene: ether(1+9)→ ether: methanol(99+1)→ethyl acetate: methanol(99+1)→benzene: acetone(1+1)→chloroform: methanol(9+1)

 

TLC expanders, generally the most commonly used petroleum ether/ethyl acetate system and dichloromethane/methanol system are sufficient.